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Ministry of Public Security (Poland)
The Ministry of Public Security of Poland ((ポーランド語:Ministerstwo Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego or MBP)) was a postwar communist, secret police, intelligence and counter-espionage service operating from 1945 to 1954 under minister for Public Security general (Generał brygady) Stanisław Radkiewicz, and supervised by Jakub Berman of the Politburo. Its main goal was the eradication of the anti-communist structures and socio-political base of the underground Polish Secret State as well as, the persecution of soldiers of the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa) and Freedom and Independence (WiN) active during World War II. In that capacity, MPB remained known mainly through its own regional offices called ''Urząd Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego'' or UBP (Office of Public Security, official name); and ''Urząd Bezpieczeństwa'' or UB (''Office, or Department of Security'').〔( Polish Secret Police, The "Bezpieka": Dossiers of Polish secret police functionaries. ) ''DoomedSoldiers.com''. Retrieved June 3, 2012.〕
==Formation of the communist state security==
In July 1944, behind the Soviet front line, a brand new Polish provisional government was formed, called the Polish Committee of National Liberation (''Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego'', PKWN).〔Norman Davies, ''God's Playground: A History of Poland''. Vol 2. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982 and several reprints. ISBN 0-231-05353-3 and ISBN 0-231-05351-7.〕 It was established in Chełm on the initiative of Polish communists, in order to assume control over Polish territories re-taken from Nazi Germany by the advancing Red Army. PKWN was proclaimed "the only legitimate Polish government" by Stalin, with full political control and Soviet sponsorship. Within the PKWN's internal structure, there were thirteen departments called ''Resorty''. One of these was the Department of Public Security (Resort Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego) or RBP, headed by Stanisław Radkiewicz. It was a precursor of the Polish communist secret police.
On December 31, 1944, the PKWN was joined by several members of the London-based Polish government in exile, among them Stanisław Mikołajczyk (later chased out of the country). PKWN was then transformed into Provisional Government of Republic of Poland ((ポーランド語:Rząd Tymczasowy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej or RTRP)). All departments were renamed: the Department of Public Security became the Ministry of Public Security (''Ministerstwo Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego'') or MBP.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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